Summary of Interesting Results Here are some of the newest, most interesting results of the study: tbd

Cups (Calyptella, Henningsomyces, Rectipilus) - click to expand Cup - Calyptella - tiny white cups (several mm across) with a short stem on wood. 'Hemimycena 3' is closely related.             Henningsomyces is a cluster of minute (<1 mm across) white tubes growing on wood. A few Henningsomyces sequences show up in a different family, so it's possible that this genus needs to be split, but it looks like our species are true Henningsomyces and will not be affected. See also Rectipilus, next.             Rectipilus are similar, little known minute white tube/cups with hairs that are easier to see. This is another controversial genus. The type species of Rectipilus is thought to be in the Phyllotopsidaceae, but our local species, Rectipilus idahoensis, probably needs moving to Henningsomyces. Most cups are Ascomycota. Besides the Porotheleaceae and the Cyphellaceae, the only other Basidiomycota cups are found in the Niaceae. Species mentioned: Henningsomyces candidus, puber. Calyptella capula. Rectipilus idahoensis.   Calyptella cf capula EU - tiny white cups (several mm across) with a short stem on wood. There are 2 competing sequences quite distant from each other for what this species is. We have no local sequences to compare yet. Henningsomyces cf candidus EU - a cluster of minute white tubes (<1 mm across). Three EU sequences and a sequence from eastern NA and South America are 5 different genetic species so we don't know what the real species is or what to call ours. We don't have any local sequences yet. Henningomyces cf puber EU - similar, with very tiny hairs all over that you probably need a dissecting scope to see. Two EU sequences are different genetic species so once again we don't know what this species really is nor what the few BC reports of it really are. We don't have any local sequences. 'Rectipilus' idahoensis ID - similar, little known minute white tube/cups with hairs. We have a French sequence purporting to be this, but who knows it that's true. It appears to belong in Henningsomyces. The type species of Rectipilus appears to be in the Phyllotopsidaceae, not in this family. unsequenced Calyptella cf. capula © A and O Ceska,     unsequenced Henningsomyces cf. candidus © A and O Ceska

Pleurotoid (Scytinotus) - click to expand These are the pleurotoid species in the family, on hardwoods with a short, stubby lateral stem. Scytinotus (formerly in Pleurotopsis and Panellus) are small, sometimes pinkish oysters that may be viscid, with amyloid spores, not readily told apart from Panellus. Species mentioned: Scytinotus longinquus, ringens. Pleurotopsis longinqua. Panellus ringens.   Scytinotus longinquus Cape Horn (='Pleurotopsis' longinqua, ='Panellus' longinquus) - viscid, white when young to dark pinkish tan when old (spotting pinkish brown in the interim) with a definite eccentric to lateral stem on hardwoods. Our BC, WA and OR var. pacifica sequences have the exact same ITS sequence as Chilean var. longinquus so it may or may not deserve varietal status. 'Mitellus' mitis is not viscid and the cap and gill edges peel. Scytinotus ringens EU (='Panellus' ringens) - dry, rose-grey cap, almost stemless on hardwoods. We have EU sequences and an ENA sequence that match fairly well, with some ambiguities but no local sequences to confirm that our couple of reports of it are true. Scytinotus longinquus (unsequenced young and sequenced old) © Fred Rhoades and Danny Miller

Atheniella - click to expand Atheniella and the very difficult to differentiate Phloeomana, below, were both separated from Mycena on the basis of having inamyloid spores (and simple cystidia). Atheniella have long been thought of as colourful, but the all white former 'Hemimycena' delectabilis is here now too, with well developed cheilocystidia and no pigment, so we now know they don't all have simple cystidia nor are they all colourful. Conversely, the colourful inamyloid 'Mycena' acicula seems like it should belong here, but it is closer to the currently all-white genus Hemimycena. Hemimycena and its segregate genera are going to be difficult to differentiate as well. Species mentioned: Atheniella adonis, amabilissima, fusipes, flavoalba, aurantiidisca. Hemimycena delectabilis.   Atheniella 'adonis PNW01' (=Mycena fusipes WA?) - scarlet cap that does not fade to yellow (but may fade to white). White to pale pink stem. There are at least 2 competing concepts for A. adonis in the EU. Our one WA sequence averages 6 bp and 5 indels different than one of them, so I'm going to assume that even if that ends up being the real one, ours may need a new name or varietal status. Back east they have the name A. amabilissima, thought to be a synonym but probably not. There are 3 genetic species passing as A. adonis/amabilissima back east, but none of them match our sequences, so we cannot use that name. We do have a locally described species, Mycena fusipes, also though to be a synonym of A. adonis, but as it looks like our species is unique perhaps the name Atheniella fusipes should be used for it. We need a type sequence to prove it, though. It is also possible that 'Mycena' fusipes could refer to Atheniella 'flavoalba PNW02' or Atheniella PNW03. Atheniella 'flavoalba PNW02' - pink cap that fades to yellow and then to white (and also has a white to pale pink stem). There are several competing concepts for A. flavoalba in the EU, and ours is quite distinct from all of them and definitely needs its own name. In the EU, pink colours are rarely found on fresh fruitbodies, but our species seems to often start out pink. Perhaps there are more species here. We should sequence collections that start out yellow and never have any pink and see if they are the same thing. Atheniella PNW03 - found on sedges in a fen. This delicate pale pink capped Atheniella with a white stem has fewer gills than the above two species. It can fade entirely to white and then be mistaken for Hemimycena. Atheniella 'adonis PNW01' © NAMA and the Field Museum of Natural History,     A. 'flavoalba PNW02' © iNaturalist user lcanedo,     A. PNW03 © Connor Dooley (2 images)   Atheniella aurantiidisca OR - tri-toned orange cap (dark orange disc, orange-yellow in the middle and pale yellow rim). Yellowish stem. The cap might be mostly bright yellow, without much orange, but no other species is bright yellow. Atheniella cf delectabilis NY (='Hemimycena' delectabilis) - pure white, decurrent gills, prominent bleach odor. Larger than many other 'Hemimycena' which are usually <1 cm across. A bleach odor was detected in Hemimycena aff. lactea below, complicating how to recognize this species. We don't have NY sequences where it was described. West coast WA and CA sequences are 2% different than a couple of EU sequences, so we need east coast sequences to confirm that we have the actual species here. Atheniella aurantiidisca © Kent Brothers,     Atheniella delectabilis © Fred Rhoades

Hemimycena s.l. - click to expand Very small mycenoids (after all, the name does mean "half of a Mycena") with inamyloid spores, supposedly all white. These do not include some all white mushrooms that are real Mycenas, which have either a basal disc at the base of the stem or a thorny/hairy/sugary appearance (and amyloid spores). This genus needs to be split and all of the genera will be difficult to distinguish from the other genera that were split from Mycena for having inamyloid spores, including Atheniella and Phloeomana. 'Mycena' acicula, one of the smallest colourful Mycenas with inamyloid spores, is inside Hemimycena and will probably be moved to that genus. 'Hemimycena' delectabilis was moved to Atheniella. Other 'Hemimycena' need moving to either new genera and/or perhaps an expanded Phloeomana and/or Calyptella. Many others are still unknown. Mycenella needs moving into Hemimycena s.s. to avoid splitting Hemimycena. It is covered below. Species mentioned: Hemimycena albicolor, albidula, cyphelloides, delectabilis, gracilis (Helotium immaculata, Omphalia papillata), hirsuta, lactea (delicatella), leucophaea, mauretanica, nebulophila, pseudocrispula, subimmaculata (albissima, macmurphyi), substellata, tortuosa. Atheniella delectabilis. Mycenella nodulosa.   Hemimycena1 - these belong in Hemimycena, although it either needs to be split, or Mycenella and Lactocollybia sect. Albidae need to move to Hemimycena (more likely). Hemimycena lactea EU - on debris, a local collection from Vancouver Island BC matches a bunch of EU sequences. The gills are almost free. Hemimycena 'lactea PNW04' - one OR and one WA sequence are 2% different, the OR collection with a bleach odor like Atheniella delectabilis so this needs further study to distinguish it from that species. This could potentially be one of the unknown species below. Spores 6.5-7 x 2.5-4u. One short ITS2 sequence is 2 bp different than the other two full ITS sequences of this species. Hemimycena 'lactea PNW07' - WA sequences are 6 bp or so different from every PNW04 sequence (even the short one), so I'm giving it its own code for now. It's possible that PNW04 and PNW07 are just H. lactea, if that species has variable ITS. Hemimycena CA10 - with decurrent gills. Hemimycena 'lactea PNW04' © Michael Beug and iNaturalist user cinthomas,     H. 'lactea PNW07' © Yi-Min Wang,     H. CA10 © Yi-Min Wang   These Hemimycena species would need a new genus if Hemimcyena was split. But instead, it is likely that the 'Mycena' acicula group and Mycenella will be moved to Hemimycena. Hemimycena tortuosa UK - on wood and bark, with unique tortuously spiraled cystidia. A couple of WA sequences match a couple of UK sequences. Hemimycena CA01 - It is not yet known which of the species reported from here (listed below) this might be, but it is interesting in that it isn't always white, it can be pale orange. Hemimycena tortuosa macro and micro © Fred Rhoades,     H. CA01 © Yi-Min Wang and Christian Schwarz   'Mycena' acicula PNW01/PNW02 - on debris, two sister species 3% apart in ITS occur here. We have no EU sequences to tell which species (if either) is the real thing. PNW01 was found twice in WA, and has a microscopic workup. PNW02 was found in OR and CA. We need a microscopic workup to compare to PNW01. They need new names in Hemimycena, unless Hemimycena is to be split. 'Mycena' 'acicula PNW01' © Fred Rhoades,     'Mycena' 'acicula PNW02' © Jonathan Frank   'Mycenella' has warty inamyloid spores (like Gamundia), and is hoary/pruinose over the entire fruitbody. Our species has a rooting stem and red staining gills. It is inside Hemimycena, so either that needs to be split (probably not) or Mycenella will be moved into an expanded definition of Hemimycena. 'Mycenella' nodulsa WA - the round warty inamyloid spores and entirely hoary/pruinose fruitbody probably means this was placed in the correct genus but we have no local sequences to prove it. We need some. Our species also has a rooting stem and red staining gills. As stated above, Mycenella may be moved into Hemimycena. 'Mycenella' margaritispora EU - differs microscopically. One UK sequence may be this, but we have no local sequences yet.     Hemimycena2 (Phloeomana?) - some have few/rudimentary gills, like Hemimycena3. Hemimycena2 and Hemimycena4 probably all belong in an expanded concept of Phloeomana along with 'Mycena' oregonensis. 'Hemimycena2' PNW06 - found in WA and CA, it has few gills like species of Hemimycena3. 'Hemimycena2' PNW08 - also has a single digit number of gills. This species clades all by itself, and not with other Hemimycena2. It will probably be moved into Phloeomana with Hemimycena2 and Hemimycena4. 'Hemimycena' albicolor OR - we have the type sequence, but no recent collections nor photos. 'Hemimycena' cf. gracilis EU - one CO sequence of a collection resembling H. gracilis may represent this EU species, but as it's from nowhere near the type area and as they are hard to identify, this doesn't yet prove anything. It is still only a theory that H. gracilis may belong here. uncultured 'Hemimycena' OR - one environmental sequence is so far unique. It may be one of the unknown species below, assuming it actually fruits here. 'Hemimycena2' PNW06 © Yi-Min Wang,     'Hemimycena2' PNW08 © Yi-Min Wang   Hemimycena3 - these species are sister to Calyptella and may have fewer and/or more rudimentary gills than the other genera (although some Hemimycena2 do too). In other words, they are a kind of missing link between other Hemimycena s.l. with well developed gills and Calyptella without gills and with inverted stem (coming out of the top of the cap). Hemimycena3 could belong in an expanded definition of Calyptella, but then that genus would include both gilled mushrooms and cups, so it is more likely that Hemimycena3 will get its own genus name. 'Hemimycena3' cf. crispula EU - one CA collection was a micro match to H. crispula (which is thought to be a synonym of Hemimycena hirsuta, a species with hairs all over the cap and stem, and no gills whatsoever - it's just empty under the cap. That does not mean it was H. crispula/hirsuta, but it could mean that species belongs in this genus. The lack of gills certainly supports this theory. 'Hemimycena3' PNW02 - with few gills (but well defined). Hemimycena pseudocrispula EU matches this species very well, and could be this. But other sequences suggest that H. pseudocrispula may belong in Phloeomana. Sequenced from WA and OR. 'Hemimycena3' PNW03 - with just a few rudimentary gills (not fully formed). Our one WA collection is 2% different in ITS from both of the above. 'Hemimycena3' PNW02 © Connor Dooley and Jacob Kalichman,     'Hemimycena3' PNW03 © Yi-Min Wang   Hemimycena4 (Phloeomana?) - this also probably belongs in an expanded concept of Phloeomana. 'Hemimycena4' PNW05 - found once in WA, a dainty long stemmed species with adnate to decurrent distant gills. Hemimycena4 PNW05 © Yi-Min Wang   Unknown - we need both type area and local sequences of all of these to confirm reports that the following occur in the PNW, and to figure out what genus they actually belong in. Hopefully they all fit in one of the above and don't require even more new genera. Hemimycena albidula NY Hemimycena cyphelloides EU Hemimycena2 gracilis EU (=H. immaculata NY?, =Mycena papillata NY?) - these synonymies need confirmation. Hemimycena gracilis needs moving to Phloeomana. Hemimycena hirsuta EU - mentioned in Hemimycena3. Hemimycena lactea EU (=H. delicatella NY) - these synonymies need confirmation. Hemimycena lactea is a true Hemimycena. Hemimycena leucophaea WA - described from here and occurs here by definition. But what is it really? Hemimycena mauretanica EU - the type variety is posited to be in Hemimycena, but var. microcephala is posited to belong in Phloeomana. Hemimycena nebulophila BC - described from here and occurs here by definition. But what is it really? Hemimycena pseudocrispula EU - may be 'Hemimycena3' PNW02, but other theories are that it belongs in Phloeomana. Hemimycena subimmaculata WA (=Mycena albissima CA?, =Mycena macmurphyi CA?) - this is posited to belong in Phloeomana, and these synonymies need confirmation. Hemimycena substellata EU

Phloeomana and Mycena oregonensis - click to expand Phloeomana was also separated from Mycena on the basis of inamyloid spores and simple cystidia, just like Atheniella, but are genetically different. (The various Hemimycena genera are difficult to distinguish as well). Our species is recognized by a pale grey pleated cap, a few decurrent gills and hairs at the base of a stem that may have a hint of yellow. Hemimycena2 and Hemimycena4 are near Phloeomana, and will probably be included in an expanded definition of Phloeomana. They are described under Hemimycena above. 'Mycena' oregonensis is also near Phloeomana, and will probably be included in an expanded definition of Phloeomana. It is entirely orange with orange marginate gills. Species mentioned: Phloeomana speirea, alba, hiemalis. Mycena oregonensis.   Phloeomana speirea EU - a very pleated capped 'Mycena' with decurrent gills often found on bark. we have WA, OR and CA sequences that match dozens of EU sequences and other sequences worldwide. Phloeomana alba EU - not known from the PNW until found by DNA. One OR sequence (and one close CO sequence), matching a couple of type area EU sequences. The older P. hiemalis, according to one lone EU sequence, may be similar or the same, so that should be investigated. Phloeomana minutula NY - not known from the PNW until a BC collection was sequenced. It is a small, white species likely to be mistaken for Hemimycena. 'Mycena' oregonensis OR - a pretty, entirely orange 'Mycena' with orange marginate gill edges. This will probably be moved to an expanded Phloeomana. Phloeomana speirea © Bitty Roy,     Phloeomana alba © Heather Dawson,     Phloeomana minutula © Stephen Russell,     'Mycena' oregonensis © Steve Trudell

Mycopan - click to expand Hard to separate from Mycena, also possessing amyloid spores. Hydropus, which was split from Mycena for often possessing a different cap cuticle, was split again when some species turned out to belong in a separate genus. 'Hydropus' pseudotenax (similar to Mycopan scabripes) and 'Mycena' quiniaultensis (a dark, viscid 'Mycena') belong here. Note that Leucoinocybe is also hard to distinguish from Hydropus and Mycopan. Species mentioned: Mycopan scabripes. Hydropus pseudotenax. Mycena quiniaultensis.   Mycopan scabripes NY - olive-brown conical cap, perhaps not as fragile as a Mycena, stem pruinose to fibrillose at first. We have a newly designated epitype sequence (the holotype was too old), and one matching sequence from OR (in albino form). 'Hydropus' pseudotenax OR (='Mycena' pseudotenax) - similar tough mycenoid with an olive-yellow-grey cap, smaller spores and yellow mycelium at the base of the stem. We have the holotype sequence and one modern WA collection. It needs to moved to Mycopan. 'Mycena' quiniaultensis WA - a sometimes very dark, entirely viscid 'Mycena', but difficult to ID when paler capped and much resembling other viscid Mycenas like Mycena vulgaris (which has more decurrent gills). It needs to be moved to Mycopan. It's surprising that this ends up here, although it has been compared to Mycena tenax, which has been compared to 'Mycena' pseudotenax which has been compared to Mycopan scabripes. Mycopan IN01 - seemingly with a colouration that is dark grey like M. quiniaultensis, and also viscid on its cap and stem like M. quiniaultensis. It was found once in OR with matching DNA from California that they thought was M. quiniaultensis, due to the similarities and not knowing about this lookalike. Then it was found in WA. Mycopan PNW01 - known from one WA and one Russian collection. Some debris on the stem implies it might be viscid all over, but it is sister to the non-viscid species M. pseudotenax. Mycopan scabripes © Matthew Koons (normal) and Connor Dooley (albino form),     'Hydropus' pseudotenax © Matthew Koons,     'Mycena' quiniaultensis © Star Li Mycopan IN01 © Connor Dooley and Matthew Koons,     Mycopan PNW01 © Connor Dooley

Baeospora - click to expand Small crowded gilled collybioids. One small species grows on conifer cones like Strobilurus but has a uniform pink stem (and more crowded gills). The second not-so-small species is a lilac-tan mushroom on wood. Pleurella and Caulorhiza, below, are very closely related. Species mentioned: Baeospora myosura, myriadophylla.   Baeospora myosura EU (=Baeospora occidentalis ID?) - a similar small mushroom (< 2cm) to the more common Strobilurus on conifer cones but with a uniform pinkish stem and crowded gills. WA sequences match dozens of EU sequences quite well, as well as ENA sequences. In 2012, a local species from Idaho was described, B. occidentalis, which they thought was different, as it was a snowmelt species with a darker brown cap that didn't grow directly on cones. They did not sequence it, but now we have, and it looks like you can't tell it apart from B. myosura by ITS DNA. Does this mean they are the same or are they actually distinct and other genes will differentiate them? We don't know yet. Baeospora myriadophylla NY - not quite as small, (~2.5 cm) tan coloured mushroom with distinctive lilac gills when young and a lilac tinted cap when even younger. On wood. It becomes hard to recognize once all the lilac has faded, but still has crowded gills. One WI sequence from back east matches a WA sequence and some EU sequences fairly closely. Another ID sequence is a bit different but matches other worldwide sequences. It seems ITS can vary by around 1% in this species. So far there are no noticeable differences between them. Baeospora myosura © Noah Siegel,     B. myriadophylla© Shannon Adams

Pleurella/Caulorhiza - click to expand Pointy cap and rooting stem like the brown spored Phaeocollybia. Rhodocollybia and Paraxerula are also white spored and have long rooting stems but perhaps not as pointy a cap. Species mentioned: Caulorhiza umbonata, hygrophoroides. Pleurella microspora.   'Caulorhiza' hygrophoroides NY - Pointy, hygrophanous, orange-brown cap. Crowded adnexed gills. Long, twisted striate stem, rooting stem. Caulorhiza umbonata is a similar California redwood species not yet found here. That species belongs in Caulorhiza, but C. hygrophoroides actually belongs in a sister genus, Pleurella, and needs to be renamed Pleurella hygrophoroides. It has almost the same ITS and LSU as Pleurella microspora EU. Pleurella microspora is only known from Italy, where it does not have a rooting stem. Our ITS sequence differs from the type sequence of P. microspora by 3 bp and 3 indels. Our LSU sequence differs from the type by 2 bp and 1 ambiguous location. So given that, and the fact that the rooting stems do not match the species description, we should consider that 'Caulorhiza' hygrophoroides and Pleurella microspora are different species. That does not affect us, as C. hygrophoroides is the older name, but the Europeans will have to decide if they want to continue to call their species P. microspora or consider it the same as C. hygrophoroides. Note that both Pleurella and Caulorhiza are so close to Baeospora they could all be considered one genus, Baeospora, but then that genus would not have many morphological characters uniting it. 'Caulorhiza' hygrophoroides © Andrew Parker

Hydropus, Leucoinocybe, Porotheleum, and Pseudohydropus - click to expand Species mentioned: Hydropus marginellus. Mycena fuliginella. Porotheleum fibriatum.   Hydropus 'marginellus PNW01' - our only known local species is a brown "Mycena" growing on wood with brown marginate gill edges and weakly amyloid spores. The cap can be variable, from very dark brown through yellow brown. Smith observed that a watery liquid may exude when it is cut. The genus is separated from Mycena by its different cap cuticle structure (for instance, erect or spherical elements). Lucky, no local Mycenas look exactly like it (none have specifically brown marginate gill edges). Our local species is 4% different from the couple of EU sequences we have so perhaps ours is in need of a new name. Pseudohydropus OH01 - this genus is similar to and difficult to differentiate from Hydropus (I believe it was separated on genetic evidence) as well as Mycena, etc. The first known example of this genus in the west was found in WA. 'Mycena' fuliginella WA (Leucoinocybe PNW01) - like Hydropus, these are very much like Mycena, with amyloid spores, but perhaps a different cap cuticle. Our local species, only found once in WA and once in OR, had blue tones like Mycena amicta in the WA collection, but presumably doesn't have the peelable cap cuticle and has distant decurrent gills instead of close adnexed gills. We believe we have found Mycena fuliginella WA, and it needs moving to Leucoinocybe.     Hydropus 'marginellus PNW01' © Yi-Min Wang (2 images),     Pseudohydropus OH01 © Yi-Min Wang,     'Mycena' fuliginella (Leucoinocybe PNW01) © Yi-Min Wang (3 images)   Porotheleum PNW01 - a cool omphalinoid with a darkening stem and an opaque, fibrillose cap when dry (but translucent and glabrous when wet). It is remarkable how the same genus can have this gilled mushroom and a crust. Porotheleum PNW02 - a similar omphalinoid with a darkening stem and a translucent or opaque cap, but on roots of red cedar and maybe madrone. I don't yet know how to reliably separate it from PNW01. Porotheleum fibriatum EU - a cool poroid/cupulate crust. It has been sequenced from the EU and ENA, but we need local sequences to confirm that our species is the real thing too.   Porotheleum PNW01 © Yi-Min Wang and Ed Barge,     P. PNW02 © Matthew Koons (2 images)  unsequenced Porotheleum cf fimbriatum (from CA) © Christian Schwarz

Gerronema, Megacollybia and Clitocybula - click to expand Work still needs to be done to sort these out. See below. Species mentioned: Clitocybula familia, abundans, lacerata, oculata. Gerronema atrialbum. Megacollybia fallax, platyphylla.   Clitocybula familia NY - a tightly clustered greyish-tan small wood inhabiting species. Amyloid spores. One WA sequence matches a few east coast sequences including one Antonin used in his study of the family. Clitocybula cf abundans NY - more solitary (only somewhat clustered) with a depressed, radially streaked greyish cap. Attempts to sequence local collections failed so far, and there are no east coast sequences either. We need local and eastern collections to see if this is our species. Clitocybula 'lacerata PNW01' - very similar with larger spores. We have the neotype sequence and that study showed that Europe has 3 cryptic species, each with variable appearance and spores, at least 4% in ITS apart from each other. Our WNA species is close to those three, but clearly distinct, and may also be cryptic, recognizable only by geographic area. It has been collected and sequenced from CA and WA. One of the other cryptic EU species had collections that resembled C. abundans. Clitocybula familia © NAMA and the Field Museum of Natural History,     C. cf. abundans © Danny Miller,     C. 'lacerata PNW01' © Debbie Klein (from CA) and Connor Dooley (from WA)   Clitocybula oculata OR - described as greyish-brown with a sooty disc, furfuraceous all over and short decurrent gills. But what is it? It is only known from one collection in Oregon  in 1911. The spore size is unique, but we should sequence it to find out if it is indeed placed in the correct genus, especially considering the unanswered questions that follow.   Gerronema atrialbum WA - blackish cap and stem contrasting with white gills. A large, very thin-fleshed mushroom with strongly decurrent gills, found on buried wood or debris. We have a half dozen WA sequences that definitely represent this species. Formerly placed in Clitocybula because of its amyloid spores, but genetics moved it to Gerronema, supposedly with inamyloid spores. But that may not be the final word, since Gerronema may not monophyletic; Trogia and Megacollybia seem to live inside it. Nothing further can be determined until the type species of Gerronema, G. melanomphax from Argentina is sequenced to find out where the true Gerronema are in that complex. Then, perhaps, Gerronema will be split or Megacollybia will be moved to Gerronema. See below. Gerronema atrialbum © Yi-Min Wang   Megacollybia fallax ID - a larger grey-brown wood inhabitor with a radially streaky cap that may split, gill edges that might get eroded in age, and white rhizomorphs at the stem base. Inamyloid spores and these rhizomorphs should separate it from Clitocybula. We have the type sequence. Even though the EU species Megacollybia platyphylla EU was reported here, one study did not find it anywhere on the west coast. If you think you find a different species of Megacollybia here, save it. This genus, along with Trogia, might live inside Gerronema and therefore might not merit its own genus as currently understood. A 2019 2-gene study showed that Megacollybia was in fact distinct, but didn't use many species in their tree, and further research shows it is not. Stay tuned. Megacollybia fallax © Ed Barge

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